Practical Methods for Diagnosing Vitiligo

The appearance of white patches on the skin does not necessarily indicate vitiligo, as different types of white patches have different pathogenic mechanisms and exhibit varying characteristics. Here are the common methods used to distinguish vitiligo clinically.

1. Wood's Lamp Examination

Wood's lamp, also known as the Wood’s lamp or ultraviolet filter lamp, emits ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 320-400 nm to observe the color of white patches.

If the white patches appear porcelain white under the lamp, it is more likely to be vitiligo. If the color is grayish-white or another color, it is not vitiligo.

2. Skin CT Examination

Using optical principles and computer-based three-dimensional tomographic imaging technology, skin CT allows for intuitive, real-time, dynamic observation of vitiligo development, treatment efficacy, and skin lesion changes, providing a more scientific and reliable basis for diagnosis.

3. Trace Element Detection

Research has confirmed that tyrosinase, which relies on copper ions as a cofactor, is closely linked to the activity of copper ions. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis.

Therefore, trace element testing is an essential procedure for vitiligo patients during examination.

To more accurately diagnose the underlying pathogenesis mechanism of vitiligo, patients are advised to undergo trace element testing, which can help address the root cause of the condition and implement more targeted treatment.

4. Histopathological Examination

Histopathological examination, also known as a skin biopsy, involves taking a small sample of skin, which is processed and examined under a microscope to observe changes in the local skin affected by vitiligo.

Although this is an invasive method, for patients who cannot be diagnosed through non-invasive methods, histopathological examination is the final diagnostic tool.

Vitiligo is not a common skin condition, and treatment is not as simple as just applying topical medications to the white patches. Therefore, proper and systematic diagnostic procedures are essential, as they provide a solid foundation for developing targeted treatment plans, ensuring better treatment outcomes.